Since Critical Infrastructures (CIs) use systems and equipment that are separated by long distances, Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are used to monitor their behaviour and to send commands remotely. For a long time, operator of CIs applied the air gap principle, a security strategy that physically isolates the control network from other communication channels. True isolation, however, is difficult nowadays due to the massive spread of connectivity: using open protocols and more connectivity opens new network attacks against CIs. To cope with this dilemma, sophisticated security measures are needed to address malicious intrusions, which are steadily increasing in number and variety. However, traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) cannot detect attacks that are not already present in their databases. To this end, we assess in this paper Machine Learning (ML) techniques for anomaly detection in SCADA systems using a real data set collected from a gas pipeline system and provided by the Mississippi State University (MSU). The contribution of this paper is two-fold: 1) The evaluation of four techniques for missing data estimation and two techniques for data normalization, 2) The performances of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (BLSTM) are assessed in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score for intrusion detection. Two cases are differentiated: binary and categorical classifications. Our experiments reveal that RF and BLSTM detect intrusions effectively, with an F1 score of respectively > 99% and > 96%.

Blockchain ist derzeit in aller Munde. Die Technologie, die oft auch präziser als ‚Distributed Ledger‘-Verfahren bezeichnet wird, soll großes ‚Disruptionspotenzial‘ besitzen. Immer noch sprechen wir jedoch in diesem Kontext vorwiegend über Kryptowährungen, wie Bitcoin, die auf diese Ansätze maßgeblich zurückgreifen sowie deren Probleme und davon ausgehende Gefahren. Dazu zählen insbesondere die teils erheblichen Kursschwankungen an den Märkten, die zahlreichen Betrugsversuche sowie der extrem hohe Energieverbrauch, der mit dem Mining-Prozess einhergeht.

Künstliche Intelligenz und Blockchain sind derzeit womöglich die am intensivsten diskutierten Themen im Bereich der digitalen Transformation. Beiden wird immer wieder erhebliches Potenzial zugeschrieben, die Spielregeln auf den Märkten aufzubrechen und zu disruptieren. Unweigerlich stellt sich dann die Frage, jenseits allen Buzz-Word-Bingos, ob sich hierbei dann nicht Szenarien ergeben, die einen kombinierten Einsatz nahelegen. Diese finden sich vor allem im Bereich des (Industrial) Internet of Things sowie der dezentralen Koordinierung autonomer intelligenter Systeme.

Blockchain-Technologie kann nicht auf den Märkten für die dezentrale Transaktionsabwicklung genutzt werden. Auch der Rückgriff als Gestaltungselement im politischen System wird diskutiert. Damit verbunden ist aber auch eine Ideologisierung politischer Prozesse.

Diskussionen über Blockchain kreisen oft um deren „disruptives Potenzial“ im Bereich der Transaktionsabwicklung etwa bei Kryptowährungen wie Bitcoin oder bei Smart Contracts. Jenseits dieser ökonomischen Belange könnte die Technologie jedoch auch die politischen und gesellschaftlichen Gegebenheiten auf den Kopf stellen – im Wege einer „Politischen Disruption“.

We use an application scenario that collects, transports and stores sensor data in a database. The data is gathered with a high frequency of 1000 datasets per second. In the context of this scenario, we analyze the performance of multiple popular database systems. The benchmark results include the load on the system writing the data and the system running the database.

Welcome to the Human Factors in Hypertext 2018 workshop (HUMAN'18) in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, the first workshop of a new series of workshops for the ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media. It has a strong focus on hypertext users and thus complements the machine analytics research that we experienced in previous conferences. The user-centric view on hypertext not only includes user interfaces and interaction, but also discussions about hypertext application domains. Furthermore, the workshop raises the question of how original hypertext ideas (e.g., Doug Engelbart's "augmenting human intellect" or Frank Halasz' "hypertext as a medium for thinking and communication") can improve today's hypertext systems. Historically, hypertext research is strongly connected to human factors. Hypertext pioneers, such as Doug Engelbart or Ted Nelson, focused on the usage of and interaction with hypertext. This workshop combines original hypertext research ideas with recent hypertext research trends. In addition, it consolidates different hypertext research areas from the viewpoint of human factors. Thus, HUMAN'18 fosters cross-cutting discussions and the development of new ideas.

The idea to associate information with so-called links was developed by hypertext pioneers in the 1960s. In the 1990s the Dexter Hypertext Reference Model was developed with the goal to provide a general model for node-link hypertext systems. In the 1990s and 2000s there were important steps made for hypertext infrastructures, which led to component-based open hypermedia systems (CB-OHS). In this paper we provide a detailed description of node-link structures. We argue that Dexter does not match the need of CB-OHS, as it supports a mix of multiple structure domains. Based on the implementation of link support in our system Mother we demonstrate how Dexter needs to be tailored accordingly. We further describe Mother's ability of node-link structures to interoperate with other available structure services and vice versa.

Wie die Blockchain-Technologie die Politik beeinflussen könnte und heute bereits tatsächlich beeinflusst.

Software applications become more and more dominant in our daily life and work. However, it is very difficult to provide sophisticated tools for all arising use cases. End-User Development (EUD) is a term that describes the development of applications by end users rather than professional developers. This enables them creating highly specialized solutions. End users are laypersons when it comes to building software, therefore they need appropriate tools for managing the whole development process. This includes designing, implementing and deploying applications. While there are already various tools available, we focus on a recommendation feature for graphical EUD tools, utilizing their spatial hypertext capabilities. In this paper we provide an overview of some common issues such tools are often struggling with. We explain how visually analyzing the workspace, parsing an implicit spatial hypertext and eventually presenting recommendations may tackle them. We further describe the project HEIMDALL in detail, especially the way of generating recommendations for software modules with the aim to raise users' awareness. Furthermore, we discuss the use of such a system that reaches a similar understanding of relationships between software modules as users have. Finally, we point to open issues that still need to be addressed to improve results and their presentation.

Blockchain und Künstliche Intelligenz sind derzeit die „Buzzwords“ schlechthin, wenn es um Gegenwart und Zukunft der Digitalisierung geht. Das Zusammenspiel dieser beiden Technologien dürfte jedoch für eine völlig neue Qualität in der Digitalen Transformation sorgen – zum Beispiel in der Medienbranche.

Dr. Andreas Wagener, Professor für Digitales Marketing an der Hochschule Hof, prognostiziert, dass zukünftig direkte Transaktionen zwischen "Dingen" möglich werden. Außerdem hält er völlig neue Anwendungen, z.B. im Micropayment für denkbar.

Die digitalen Schlüsseltechnologien „Künstliche Intelligenz“ (KI) und „Blockchain“ sind derzeit in aller Munde. Spannend wird es aber, wenn diese beiden Felder zusammenwachsen. Daraus ergeben sich insbesondere für das Internet der Dinge interessante Perspektiven. Sind wir auf dem Weg zu einer weiteren industriellen Revolution – der Industrie 5.0?

Specialized systems aiming at offering hypertext functionality in users' computing have been discussed since the early days of hypertext. However, with the claim to also support other structure domains than node-link structures, hypertext systems had to overcome some challenges. Researchers came up with component-based approaches and low level structure services.
Due to the raising omnipresence of the Web, research on traditional hypertext systems has been fading out over the past decade. This paper focuses again on hypertext infrastructures and goes beyond ongoing Web discussions. Based on lessons learned from well thought through previous work, we present a novel design for multi-structure supporting, general purpose hypertext systems that can be used in a series of application domains. The system provides intelligence analysis which is needed for sophisticated user support. We argue that this lets us use the hypertext system also as a visual analytics tool. Furthermore, for demonstration purposes we describe the use of the system in combination with a Web-based software engineering platform, which is part of the ongoing project ODIN.