Surfing is a complex sport that encounters the interaction between the surfer and the highly unsteady water hydrodynamic of ocean or river waves. With the availability of off-shore river waves or wave pools, it becomes more and more popular being included in the Olympic Games 2021 in Tokyo/Japan. To analyze the biomechanical characteristics of surfers, all forces that act on the surfer have to be measured which has not yet been done before.

Four pressure sensors were integrated water-tightly in a 3D-printed surfboard fin, each two sensors on opposite side. The fin was mounted at the rear end of a surf board on the left side of the centerline within a three-fin-configuration. The sensors were connected to a micro controller with micro SD-card within the board that performed and stored the measurement data with an acquisition rate of 27 Hz. For the measurements, a male surfer performed a set of turning maneuvers on an artificial river wave as shown in figure 2. Thereby, the surfer’s motion was recorded by a camera using frame-rate of 30 fps. The synchronization of the pressure and the video signals was achieved in a post-processing step.

The pressure signals showed a negative pressure difference between the inside sensors and the outside sensors at all surf maneuvers, see figure 3. It generated an outwardly directed force that becomes largest during the turns. The smallest pressure difference was detected on the surf-path from the left to right side of the wave or the other way around.

Taking both lateral fins into account, the pressure forces are contrarily directed apart from the surfboard. This arrangement generates the stabilizing effect of the board’s rear end which helps the surfer to keep the board on the desired track. Especially during the turns, the forces became largest giving the surfer a stable center of rotation at the rear end of the board. This stabilizing effect of surfboard fins was reported and observed in computational models [1,2,3]. The measurement of hydrodynamic forces enables to develop a biomechanical model of a surfer that show the characteristic biomechanic stress level peak and location within the surfer’s body.

Vortrag von Prof. Dr. Andreas Wagener im Rahmen der Stadtvorlesung Hof, 2024: Die immer schneller voranschreitende Entwicklung Fortschritt bei den „digitalen“ Technologien – wie generative KI und Virtual Reality – verändern bereits heute die Grundlagen des menschlichen Alltags. Schon jetzt ist damit die Simulation menschlicher Erscheinungs- und Verhaltensweisen im Digitalen möglich. Die Darstellung rein digitaler „Wesen“ in menschlich wirkender Optik sowie die Erzeugung passender menschlicher Sprache gestatten eine „lebensechte“ Kommunikation im virtuellen Umfeld. Was bedeutet das für das Miteinander von Mensch und Technik? Welche gesellschaftlichen und auch welche ethischen Fragestellungen erwachsen hier? Und wie sehen die möglichen Antworten des Menschen auf die immer weiter voranschreitende technische Entwicklung aus? Können wir die Technik beherrschen? Oder müssen wir uns anpassen und zu „Cyborgs“ werden, die ihren Körper (und Geist) mit dem Ziel, mithalten zu können, technisch aufrüsten?

Die Einführung des digitalen Bauantragsverfahrens ermöglicht, die Prüfung des Standsicherheitsnachweises vollständig papierlos durchzuführen. Dadurch können sowohl statische Berechnung als auch Konstruktionspläne medienbruchfrei geprüft werden, weshalb eine Beschleunigung des Verfahrens erwartet werden kann. Der Übergang von Papier zu PDF stellt einen deutlichen Fortschritt für die beteiligten Parteien dar, kann aber hinsichtlich des Grads der Digitalisierung nur ein Anfang sein. Der größtmögliche Grad der Digitalisierung wird durch die Verwendung von BIM (BIM: Building Information Modeling) in Verbindung mit den notwendigen Datenumgebungen (CDE) erreicht. Da der Einsatz von BIM bei Planung, Errichtung und Betrieb von Gebäuden erhebliche Vorteile bietet, ist die weitere Verbreitung absehbar bzw. wird von der Bundes- und den Landesregierungen die Anwendung teilweise bereits vorgeschrieben. Auswirkungen auf die Prüfung und Genehmigung von Bauwerken sind daher zu erwarten. In diesem Aufsatz wird untersucht, wie digitalisierte Prüfprozesse gestaltet werden können. Die Prozesse werden vorgestellt und hinsichtlich des Reifegrads der Digitalisierung bewertet.

Kaum hat sich der Mensch an Text- und Bildgeneratoren gewöhnt, veröffentlichen OpenAI, Google, Microsoft und Meta ihre multimodalen Modelle, die beide Welten vereinen. Das ermöglicht praktischen KI-Anwendungen und sogar Robotern ein umfassenderes Verständnis der Welt.

Background: Abnormalities in electrocortical parameters and persistence of afterimage after visual stimulation are known to occur in migraine patients. The results of studies on Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) and afterimage persistence in migraine patients suggest a link between these two phenomena and a connection to the pathomechanism of migraine.

Objectives: To date, no studies have investigated both afterimage duration and CNV parameters in the same subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the early component of CNV (iCNV) and the duration of the afterimage in migraine patients.

Methods: Sixty seven migraine patients from the headache center of the University of Rostock Medical Center were examined for iCNV amplitude, iCNV habituation and afterimage duration. The subjects also completed questionnaires developed for this study and the MIDAS (Migraine Disability Assessment) questionnaire.

Results: Associations were found between iCNV amplitude and afterimage duration and between habituation capacity and afterimage duration. A deficit in habituation capacity correlated with a significantly prolonged afterimage duration. Increased iCNV amplitude and prolonged afterimage duration were also significantly correlated.

Conclusion: Conclusions about the pathophysiology of migraine can be drawn from the results of this study. The results support the hypothesis of cortical hyperexcitability as a consequence of a low pre-activation level, which may be a possible contributory cause of migraine. Furthermore, they allow assessment of whether the afterimage examination, which is easier and quicker to perform than the CNV examination, can be used as a diagnostic tool or as a parameter to monitor the course of therapy in people with migraine.

Lead-Management ist eine der großen Herausforderungen im Vertrieb, da die Neukundengewinnung immer bedeutsamer wird. Dieses essential erläutert, wie durch den parallelen Ausbau der drei Basisdimensionen: Prozesse, Menschen und Daten Lead-Exzellenz erreicht werden kann. Hierzu sind zunächst die Rahmenbedingungen zu analysieren und zu bewerten. Anschließend müssen die Prozesse in eine Prozesslandkarte eingebunden, die Kompetenzprofile den neuen Anforderungen angepasst und die Datenbasis vervollständigt werden.
Eine umfangreiche Checkliste zeigt auf, wie Unternehmen bei der Einführung oder Überarbeitung ihres bereits existierenden Lead-Managements sinnvollerweise vorgehen sollten.

Modern DRAM is susceptible to fault attacks that undermine the entire system’s security. The most well-studied disturbance effect is Rowhammer, where an attacker repeatedly opens and closes (i.e., hammers) different rows, which can lead to bitflips in adjacent rows. Different hammering strategies include double-sided, hammering two rows sandwiching a victim row, and one-location, hammering a single row. One-location Rowhammer requires no physical address information, as any location in memory is mapped to a DRAM row, and no relation between rows is required for hammering. The recently discovered Rowpress differs from Rowhammer by not hammering rows but keeping them open longer, evident by a disjoint set of affected memory locations.

In this paper, we examine the differences between four attack variants: one-location Rowhammer, a one-location Rowpress variant we developed, double-sided Rowhammer, and double-sided Rowpress on a set of 12 DDR4 modules. Our methodology is to hammer and press the exact same set of physical memory locations in all attack variants. Surprisingly, our results show that on 4 out of 12 DDR4 modules, we were only able to reproduce double-sided Rowhammer but none of the other attack variants. On 2 DDR4 modules, we were able to reproduce all attack variants. We find that the number of unique bitflip locations ranges from 161 to 15 612, when hammering the exact same set of physical memory locations. Our one-location Rowhammer attack induces roughly the same amount of bitflips as double-sided Rowhammer, however, only 61.8 % of bitflip locations overlap. We explain this by one-location Rowhammer inducing bitflips due to the Rowhammer as well as the Rowpress effect, making the differentiation of both methods difficult, therefore, calling it Presshammer. Based on our observed bitflips, we develop the first end-to-end one-location Rowpress attack. One-location Rowpress requires only minimal physical address information that an attacker can acquire through a same-row same-bank side-channel attack. Our end-to- end attack escalates to kernel privileges within less than 10 minutes.