Virtual reality has proven to be a valuable addition in the tool belt of teachers. Immersive learning environments are applied in various settings, including, but not limited to the medical and nursing domain. In this study we present “We care in VR”, a simulation for practicing nursing tasks for care at home, a part of nursing that is currently underrepresented in available VR applications. We investigate how realistic interactions are perceived by end users compared to consistent usage of buttons on the controllers and how they affect the ease of use of the simulation. We conduct an empirical study with 50 participants from three vocational schools of nursing and a university of applied sciences. Results suggest that our simulation already works quite well and is accepted by the target group, but still needs improvement regarding ease of use, especially for users without any previous experience with VR applications.

Städte sehen sich durch den Klimawandel einer zunehmenden Komplexität und einer Vielzahl an Krisen gegenüber. Steigende Temperaturen und häufigere Extremwetterereignisse belasten die urbane Infrastruktur erheblich. Verstädterung und Bevölkerungswachstum verschärfen diese Herausforderungen, indem sie den Flächenbedarf erhöhen und die Ressourcennutzung intensivieren. Versiegelte Flächen verhindern die natürliche Wasserversickerung und verschärfen Hochwassergefahren. Zudem führen urbane Wärmeinseln zu erhöhtem Energieverbrauch und Gesundheitsrisiken.

Dieser Band rekapituliert empirische Projekte der Forschungsgruppe "Empirical Research and User Experience (ERUX)“ am Institut für Informationssysteme (iisys) der Hochschule Hof aus den Jahren 2023 bis 2024.

Im Fokus steht die Usability von Features im Fahrzeuginnenraum, nämlich Fahrerassistenzsysteme, Optionen für die Klimaanlage und Situational Awareness Interfaces.
Während im ersten Band dieser Reihe neben einer großzahligen Erhebung vor allem die apparative Beobachtung mittels Eyetracking Anwendung fand, verwenden die im aktuellen Band referierten Forschungsprojekte ein eher qualitatives
empirisches Methodenspektrum, von Expertenratings über die Analyse von Use Cases bis zu Konzepttests mit zahlenmäßig begrenzten Usergruppen. Daneben ist eine Conjoint-Studie enthalten.
Im Automobilsektor hat die „Markt“- oder „Kundenorientierung“ in den letzten Jahrzehnten kaum Fortschritte gemacht, die Zufriedenheit der Kunden mit dem Automobil ist eher rückläufig. Im Zeitablauf haben zuerst die Kosten-
einsparungswelle und nachfolgend die Erfordernisse und die Präferenzen der Softwareentwicklung die HMI im Fahrzeuginnenraum viel stärker determiniert als die Usability für die Autofahrer, die das fertige Produkt letztlich bezahlen müssen.
Und weiterhin haben bei einigen OEM mächtige Designabteilungen das letzte Wort bei allen Oberflächen, mit denen der Autofahrer in Kontakt kommt. Als Fazit einer Vielzahl von Detailerkenntnissen aus den hier berichteten Studien lässt
sich feststellen, dass für die Berücksichtigung von Useranforderungen in der Entwicklung weiterhin viele Ansatzpunkte bestehen. Zugleich zeigt sich, dass die Auskunftsfähigkeit von Usern in Bezug auf zukünftige Fahrsituationen begrenzt ist.

Dieser Band redet somit keineswegs einer einseitigen Dominanz „des Marketings“ oder „der Marketingforschung“ im Entwicklungsprozess das Wort. Richtig bleibt vielmehr, was schon seit Jahrzehnten bekannt ist: Es kommt darauf an, ingenieurbasierte Innovations-
leistungen, kreative Designentwürfe, kundenseitige Nutzenerwartungen und marktgegebene Kostenvorgaben in ein ausgewogenes Verhältnis zu bringen. Das Know-how über den dafür erforderlichen, laufenden Abstimmungsprozess entscheidet über den Markterfolg

This volume recaps selected empirical projects from the research group Empirical Research and User Experience (ERUX) at the Institute for Information Systems (iisys) at Hof University from 2023 to 2024. The focus is on the usability of features inside the vehicle, specifically driver assistance systems, climate control options, and situational awareness interfaces, which are designed to provide drivers with orientation and safety when transitioning from manual to automated driving modes. While the first volume of this series included a large-scale survey and primarily relied on apparatus observation using eye tracking, the research projects referenced in the current volume employ a more qualitative empirical method spectrum, ranging from expert ratings to the analysis of use cases and concept testing with numerically limited user groups. As in the first volume, a conjoint study is also included. In the automotive sector, the focus on "market" or "customer orientation" has made little noticeable progress in recent decades, and customer satisfaction with automobiles is declining. Over time, the cost-saving wave and, later, the demands and preferences of software development have determined HMI in the vehicle interior much more strongly than usability from the perspective of the drivers, who ultimately pay for the final product. Furthermore, at some OEMs, powerful design departments still have the final say on all surfaces that the driver interacts with. As a conclusion from a variety of detailed findings, it can be stated that there are still many areas for the consideration of user requirements in development. At the same time, the studies reported here show that users' ability to provide meaningful feedback on future driving situations and associated requirements is limited. This volume does not advocate for the one-sided dominance of "marketing" or "marketing research" in the development process. Rather, what has been known for decades remains true: It is essential to strike a balance between engineering-based innovations, creative design concepts, customer expectations of value, and market-driven cost requirements. The expertise required for the ongoing coordination process is what ultimately determines market success.

Die vorliegende kumulative Habilitationsschrift entstand im Rahmen der Tätigkeit von Lars Hahn als Forschungsgruppenleiter am Institut für Textilmaschinen und Textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik der Technischen Universität Dresden.

Im Kapitel 1 werden die wissenschaftliche technische Ausgangssituation und die in den durchgeführten Forschungsarbeiten angewandten Basistechnologien sowie der theoretische Ansatz des Forschungsgebietes vorgestellt. Die entwickelten Technologien auf Basis der Multiaxial-Kettenwirktechnik und Robotik werden mit dem Titel der vorliegenden Habilitationsschrift „Technologien für mehraxial lastangepasst angeordnete, textile Hochleistungsstrukturen mit hohem Vorfertigungsgrad zur Anwendung in Faserverbundwerkstoffen“ zusammengefasst. Im Kapitel 2 werden ausgewählte eigene Publikationen vorgestellt. Hierzu gehören 12 in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit erarbeitete Artikel aus Fachjournalen und Tagungsbeiträgen mit Peer Review Prozess und drei Patentanmeldungen.

Auf Basis der fokussierten Herstellungstechnologien Multiaxial-Kettenwirktechnik und Robotik umfassen die Publikationen folgende Schwerpunktthemen: Gelege für 3D-Bauteilanwendungen (1), Bewehrungsstrukturen aus profilierten Carbongarnen zur Verarbeitung mit der Multiaxial-Kettenwirktechnik (2) sowie robotergestützt hergestellte biologisch-inspirierte 3D-Betonbewehrungen (3)

This study explores the integration of Industry 5.0 principles into existing Industry 4.0 configurations to address excessive heat dissipation, energy efficiency and promote carbon neutral manufacturing. Industry 5.0 represents a paradigm shift, emphasizing human-centered approaches, energy efficiency and environmental sustainability alongside traditional productivity goals. The case study analyzes energy consumption in an Industry 4.0 setup, quantifies heat waste and applies innovative solutions to optimize energy use. Considering digital manufacturing through the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), big data analytics, smart automation technologies in cyber-physical production systems and sustainable practices, the study aims to mitigate and minimize energy waste and carbon emissions. Through quantitative analysis, it identified energy inputs, mapped energy transformations, and assessed energy waste hotspots. Despite all the benefits of Industry 4.0, it showed that responsible practices and new initiatives are required to reuse and capitalize on that wasted energy or heat, underscoring the importance of integrating Industry 5.0 principles for sustainable manufacturing.

Die großen digitalen Plattformen bestimmen nicht nur die Regeln auf ihren Märkten, sondern wirken zunehmend auch auf die gesellschaftliche Sphäre ein, mit oft als äußerst schädlich empfundenen Resultaten, wie etwa der Schaffung von Filterblasen und „Rabbit Holes“ oder der unkontrollierten Verbreitung von Fake News. Immer stärker werden daher die Rufe nach einer Beschränkung der Plattformmacht, nach Plattformregulierung oder sogar Zerschlagung der dahinterstehenden Konzerne laut. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, ob entsprechende Maßnahmen nicht an anderer Stelle ansetzen sollten – etwa beim „Treibstoff“ der Plattformökonomie, den Daten.

Geht man davon aus, dass die Macht der großen Tech-Plattformen ihren Ursprung vor allem in der Sammlung von Daten und deren algorithmischer Auswertung hat, so sollte sich womöglich auch die Plattformregulierung entsprechend hieran orientieren. Während der erste Teil dieses Artikels sich mit den Grundlagen der Plattformmacht im „Überwachungskapitalismus“ beschäftigte, widmet sich dieser zweite Teil nun möglichen Alternativen zu den gegenwärtigen Regulierungsbemühungen. Diese setzen nicht bei den gegenwärtigen Marktverhältnissen, sondern bei den individuellen Datenverfügungsrechten an.

This paper investigates the practical implementation of models in the energy management of buildings for complex user behavior and the use of multiple heating technologies, focusing on the development of an accurate yet efficient model. The study is exemplified by the new Institute for Hydrogen and Energy Technology building at Hof University of Applied Sciences, designed as a research platform for innovative energy solutions. We address the integration of shading strategies and the subsequent model order reduction necessary for effective Model Predictive Control application. The research involves creating a simplified resistance-capacitance model of the building's thermal zones, including its heating systems and a dual façade with solar thermal collectors. This simplified model, generated using the BRCM Toolbox and validated against a detailed EnergyPlus model, accounts for dynamic discrepancies, particularly during periods of high solar radiation. Optimization techniques are applied to the simplified model across different seasons, revealing that season-specific optimizations are more effective for long-term simulations, while a combined optimization approach is suitable for short-term and year-round MPC applications. The results underscore the potential of advanced MPC strategies to enhance energy efficiency and sustainability in complex building systems with multiple renewable energy sources.

Es ist nahezu unmöglich, sich dem Hype um das Thema Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) zu entziehen. Insbesondere das Aufkommen der generativen KI, von Instrumenten wie ChatGPT oder Midjourney und der zugrundeliegenden großen Sprachmodelle, hat die Spielregeln für das Marketing neu definiert. Auch in der Mediaplanung, bei der Entwicklung und Umsetzung von Werbestrategien, entstehen neue Handlungsfelder, Chancen und Herausforderungen.

The density of memory cells in modern DRAM is so high that frequently accessing a memory row can flip bits in nearby rows. That effect is called Rowhammer, and an attacker can exploit this phenomenon to flip bits by rapidly accessing the contents of nearby memory rows. In recent years, researchers have developed sophisticated exploits based on this vulnerability, which enable privilege escalation on desktop computers, mobile devices, and even cloud systems without requiring any software vulnerability. However, rows are not equally vulnerable to Rowhammer. Therefore, an attacker has to massage the memory, for instance, with Page Table Entry (PTE) spraying, to increase the chance of successful exploitation. More bit flips mean the attacks become easier and faster to conduct. 

In this paper, we present Flipper, a Rowhammer amplification attack against DDR3, consisting of two components: cmpIST exploits the cmpsb and repe x86 instructions to get DRAM access with higher frequency. cmpP AR exploits the effect of hammering in multiple threads, which increases the number of bit flips found in a given time, as shown in previous work. As a result, we can increase the number of bit flips by a factor of 830 on the measured devices, even on systems featuring mitigation techniques, without using administrative privileges. We evaluate our technique on six DDR3 DIMMs. Although DDR3 memory has been superseded by DDR4 and DDR5 memory technologies, it is still widely used in devices that do not require frequent replacement, such as projectors, smart displays, servers, embedded devices, routers, and printers.

There is a huge demand for trying on clothing at home. Recent methods to capture your figure mostly work in a 2d image plane and despite recent improvements of available technology the simulation of clothing is still not satisfactory. Especially the rendering of different clothing sizes is still a major challenge, which is only addressed by COTTON [1]. We propose an improvement to this approach by adding more control over the image generation process. For this we employ a special type of conditional diffusion model, namely ControlNet, and take keypoints of the fashion as conditional input.

Wichtig ist, dass wir KI als Instrument zur Unterstützung begreifen. Der Einsatz von KI aus Marketingsicht und Möglichkeiten für den Bereich Pflege.

Background

It is controversial to what extent afterimages, as distinct visual phenomena, are altered in patients with migraine and whether they have a specific role in migraine pathophysiology.

Objective

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the duration of afterimages in patients with migraine, migraine with aura (MwA), and migraine without aura (MwoA), compared to healthy controls (HCs).

Methods

Adults with migraine, MwA, and MwoA, diagnosed according to The International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition criteria and HCs without relevant headache history were included. Initially, factors affecting the experimental setting of testing afterimage latency were determined. Then, afterimage duration was measured in the two study groups (MwA and MwoA) and the HC group. Patient characteristics, intraocular pressure, and relevant comorbid conditions, as well as scales on depressive symptoms (nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire) and headache-specific psychosocial impairment (six-item Headache Impact Test) were recorded. Lastly, the role of different stimulus colors, as well as habituation effects after repeated stimulation, were investigated.

Results

The main study included 174 participants (40 with MwA, 53 with MwoA, and 81 HCs). The duration of the afterimage in patients with MwA was significantly longer than in HCs, at a mean (standard error of the mean [SEM]) of 12.6 (2.6) versus 5.5 ( 0.3) s (p = 0.035), while there was no significant difference between patients with MwoA (mean [SEM] 7.7 [1.6] s; p = 0.510) and HCs. There was also no significant effect of stimulus color on afterimage latency (mean [SEM] red: 8.9 [1.2] s and black: 8.4 [1.2] s).

Conclusion

We found significantly longer afterimage duration in patients with MwA compared to both HCs and patients with MwoA. Furthermore, partially selective stimulation of retinal rods and cones by different stimulus colors had no effect on afterimage duration suggesting a relevant subcortical and/or cortical modulation in migraine aura with increased excitability.

Weinbau dürfte zu den ältesten und traditionsreichsten Branchen der Welt gehören. Politische Umbrüche und – natürlich vor allem in jüngerer Zeit – klimatische und ökologische Veränderungen sorgen, genauso wie technische Innovationen, für stetigen Anpassungsdruck bei der Erzeugung und Vermarktung von Wein. Auch die Digitalisierung der Weinwirtschaft schreitet immer weiter voran. Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) spielt im Weinbau eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle, über alle Glieder der Wertschöpfungskette hinweg.

Große Sprachmodelle wie ChatGPT benötigen große und teure Server und viel Energie. Man kann sie aber quantisieren, sodass sie mit viel weniger Speicher und Strom auskommen und sogar lokal auf einem Smartphone laufen. Wir erklären, warum quantisierte Modelle viel schneller antworten und trotzdem fast so schlau sind wie die großen Originale.

During the corona pandemic, the role of science was seen as something very important in broad sections of society. Unfortunately, this appears to be less the case with regard to climate change. Increasingly, subjective and emotionally based statements are dominating the discussion, which must be viewed extremely critically in view of the complex interactions and extreme effects. On the other hand, great hope is being placed in science to master the complex challenges with the help of artificial intelligence (AI). With the public appearance of generative AI (GenAI) in the form of ChatGPT, a new, partly critical discussion is being held, although AI-based technologies have already made impressive progress as a result of scientific research for many years and numerous developments are already in real use. On the one hand, science is expected to provide insights and recommendations for the responsible use of AI. On the other hand, the use of AI in research work is also discussed critically because it is used, for example, in the application phase of research projects or to evaluate the data obtained and to write down and communicate the results. This gives rise to questions such as “How valid are scientific achievements that are produced with (the help of) AI?” Especially when using generative AI, there is a risk that the own creation process will degenerate due to uncontrolled use, excessive dependency and distortion of results [1], because activities that go beyond routine processes are conveniently left to generative AI, which can be a problem especially when processing complex tasks. An analysis of the authors of around 30 master’s theses from 2023 and 2024 in an international engineering master’s program showed that around 1/3 of the theses are strongly influenced by GenAI results, recognizable by the usual listing form, the text style and the lack of reference to the task. These papers were also among the 1/3 with the lowest grading. Without guidance on the effective use of GenAI, its use does not appear to lead to improved performance, but instead encourages the unthinking copying of text modules.

On the other hand, observations of the use of generative AI in everyday teaching and research show that GenAI can promote complexity competence in particular when used in a targeted manner on the basis of appropriate training. The authors use GenAI in various contexts of their research, increasingly to support the solution of complex problems and tasks in complex environments. The main area of application is water management and increasingly the analysis of urban areas to adapt to water-related challenges caused by climate change. The main focus here is on the massive impact of extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall and prolonged periods of drought on urban and regional infrastructure as well as forest and agricultural areas. These main areas of application are not only highly complex in thematic terms. Solutions must be implemented at urban and municipal level, and here too, the spatial, infrastructural and organizational environment is highly complex. It is against this background that the observations described in the use of generative AI were made, the theoretical framework described in this article was created and the hypothetical analysis was carried out, for which empirical evidence is still pending, but in preparation.

Despite being a specific sustainable development goal (SDG), the role of consumers for sustainable consumption is still ambiguous. This is exemplified by a vast amount of research on the attitude-intention-behavior gap, which generally describes consumers’ failures to behave as sustainable as theoretically predicted. Recent reviews have prompted further investigations beyond the existing literature on factors influencing this gap. We contribute to this call by quantitatively investigating five antagonistic dimensions – both intrapsychic and situation-related – of smartphone usage and sustainable consumer behavior in Germany (n=800). Our results indicate two novel concepts. Emotional connection – i.e., consumers’ connections with the consumption experience – can either promote or prevent sustainable behavior, while exploration-driven consumerism – i.e., new purchases due to exploration tendencies – typically attenuates sustainable behavior. This illustrates how and when sustainability is outweighed by other consumer attitudes. We contextualize these results and conclude our study by highlighting limitations and further research opportunities.

Seien Sie dabei, wenn wir am Dienstag, den 17. Dezember, einen aufschlussreichen Webcast zum Thema „CX und KI - eine deutsche Perspektive“ anbieten! 🌟 Entdecken Sie die einzigartige Sichtweise auf Customer Experience (CX) und Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) aus Deutschland. Unsere Experten werden sich mit folgenden Themen befassen: Die deutsche CX-Perspektive und ihre Unterschiede zu Europa und den USA. Der deutsche KI-Ansatz mit Fokus auf Branchen, Datenoptimierung und Qualitätsmanagement. KI-Anwendungen aus der Praxis in Vertrieb, Marketing und dem öffentlichen Sektor. Die Landschaft der KI-Startups in Deutschland und der DACH-Region. Herausforderungen und Chancen der KI-Finanzierung, Regulierung und Nachhaltigkeit. Verpassen Sie nicht die Gelegenheit, wertvolle Einblicke zu gewinnen und sich mit Referenten und Experten der Branche auszutauschen! Join us for an insightful webcast on "CX and AI - A German Perspective" on Tuesday, December 17th! 🌟 Explore the unique viewpoints on Customer Experience (CX) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) from Germany. Our experts will delve into: The German CX perspective and its differences from Europe and the USA. The German AI approach, focusing on sectors, data optimization, and quality management. Real-world AI applications in sales, marketing, and the public sector. The landscape of AI startups in Germany and the DACH region. Challenges and opportunities in AI financing, regulation, and sustainability. Don't miss this opportunity to gain valuable insights and engage with industry speakers and experts!