Carrier-bound titanium dioxide catalysts were used in a photocatalytic ozonation reactor for the degradation of micro-pollutants in real wastewater. A photocatalytic immersion rotary body reactor with a 36-cm disk diameter was used, and was irradiated using UV-A light-emitting diodes. The rotating disks were covered with catalysts based on stainless steel grids coated with titanium dioxide. The dosing of ozone was carried out through the liquid phase via an external enrichment and a supply system transverse to the flow direction. The influence of irradiation power and ozone dose on the degradation rate for photocatalytic ozonation was investigated. In addition, the performance of the individual processes photocatalysis and ozonation were studied. The degradation kinetics of the parent compounds were determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. First-order kinetics were determined for photocatalysis and photocatalytic ozonation. A maximum reaction rate of the reactor was determined, which could be achieved by both photocatalysis and photocatalytic ozonation. At a dosage of 0.4 mg /mg DOC, the maximum reaction rate could be achieved using 75% of the irradiation power used for sole photocatalysis, allowing increases in the energetic efficiency of photocatalytic wastewater treatment processes. The process of photocatalytic ozonation is suitable to remove a wide spectrum of micro-pollutants from wastewater.

This empirical study discusses chances and challenges of disruptive Internet of Things (IoT) business models. The goal of an innovative, successful business model refers to delivering customer value in a new way. Focusing on Eastern European business-to-business data, we address the following question: (1) What do B2B customers expect from the Internet of Things? (2) Are customers willing to co-creating value in the sense of Service-Dominant (S-D) logic and engage in IoT-related business models? This paper evaluates the attitude of B2B customers active in Poland regarding co-creation of value in disruptive projects and provides strategic recommendations to overcome the significant lack of knowledge in IoT-related business opportunities. Based on a case study incorporating qualitative CATI interviews, our findings indicate the following: The willingness of buyers to co-create value is still limited. Considering the idea of Berry et al. (2006), we offer an enhanced IoT-related service strategy to actively include reluctant buyers into the network of actors. “No interaction is an island”, instead it is rooted in the reaction on the involved counterparts’ acting. An early involvement of all actors in interaction processes like the development of service business models may prevent manufacturers from creating severe obstacles for their customers to co-create value.

Woran denkt man als Erstes, wenn der Begriff Influencer fällt? Ältere Mitmenschen verbinden damit wahrscheinlich nur irgendeine Sache im Zusammenhang mit dem Internet und den sozialen Medien. Für jüngere Menschen hingegen tut sich eine Erfahrungs- und Erlebniswelt auf, die stark mit der jeweiligen Nutzung von Medien wie Youtube, Instagram, usw. verbunden ist. Und der mit dieser Erlebniswelt verbundene Einfluss auf den auch gesellschaftlichen Diskurs jüngerer Menschen ist groß.

The aim of this work is to analyze reports of migraine attacks collected online in the citizen science project CLUE with respect to gender- and migraine type-specific differences in drug effectiveness and pain perception. Citizen science project data collection opens the possibility to examine these differences based on a large number of individual attacks instead of a simple survey of patients.

An increasing number of powerful devices are equipped with network connectivity and are connected to the Internet of Things (IoT). Influenced by the steady growth of computing power of the devices, the paradigm of IoT-based service deployment is expected to change, following the example of cloud-based infrastructure: An embedded platform can be provided as-a-service to several independent application service suppliers. This fosters additional challenges concerning security and isolation. At the same time, recently revealed critical vulnerabilities like Ripple20 and Amnesia:33 show that embedded devices are not spared from wide-spread attacks. In this paper, we define new trusted computing concepts, focusing on privilege separation among several entities sharing one physical device. The concepts guarantee remote recovery capabilities within a bounded amount of time, even if notable portions of the software stack have been compromised. We derive a resilient system architecture suitable for the secure operation of multiple isolated services on one embedded device. We integrate an interface for detecting intrusions and anomalies to enable the automatic recovery of compromised devices and prototype our system on a Nitrogen8M development board. Our evaluation shows that the overhead in terms of network throughput and CPU performance is low so that we believe that our concept is a meaningful step towards more resilient future IoT devices.

Many municipalities and cities are facing numerous, sometimes very complex water management challenges. In addition to heavy rainfall events, because of climate change, this also applies to the necessary improvement of water quality about trace substances and micro plastics. This also means an increase in the complexity of tasks, a diversity of levels of action and knowledge. The necessary freedom to acquire new knowledge in an appropriate manner in terms of content and time is becoming increasingly limited because of these framework conditions. An additional burden is the fact that it is becoming more and more difficult to obtain adequate specialized staff. Therefore, the necessary planning processes are becoming longer. The implementation of environmental protection measures has to follow later. Furthermore, new, and more efficient methods for better environmental protection are used less frequently or only insufficiently because there is too little knowledge about them. Experts promise more support and facilitation by solutions that have been developed during digitalization and offered on the market for technical and organizational level [1]. Here, however, there is often a lack of time on the user’s side to act in an appropriate manner with resource- supporting IT systems that make it possible to automate or simplify standard procedures or make processes more efficient and effective. If external consultants are part of the selection of appropriate IT systems, successful implementation and use often fails due to the lack of fit between the IT system and the existing organizational structure or culture, as well as in relation to the human end user. Two ways to address these obstacles are the “Anyway Strategy” and “ HELIP” methods. They are the result of a meta-study on success factors and barriers in the selection and application of digitalization solutions [1] and a from a development project for digital innovations [2] in the water industry.

Das iwe-Institut für Wasser- und Energiemanagement an der Hochschule Hof hat eine Metastudie zum Stand der Digitalisierung der Wasserwirtschaft in den deutschsprachigen Ländern durchgeführt. Das Fazit: Die Digitalisierung ist zu einem festen Bestandteil technologischer Lösungen und strategischer Entscheidungen geworden. In einer dreiteiligen Serie berichtet die WasserWirtschaft über die Ergebnisse der Studie. Im dritten Teil der Serie geht es um die Frage, welche Konsequenzen aus den Erkenntnissen und Ergebnissen der Studie zu ziehen sind und wie die Zukunft der Digitalisierung in der Wasserwirtschaft aussehen kann.