Das Grünbuch „Digitale Plattformen“ vom 30.05.2016 soll im Rahmen der Digitalen Strategie 2015 einen Ordnungsrahmen für mehr Investitionen und mehr
Innovationen bei fairem Wettbewerb schaffen. Gleichzeitig sollen die Grundrechte und die Datensouveränität von Individuen und Unternehmen gesichert werden. Datenvermeidung kann nach dem Grünbuch in Zeiten von Big Data keine Leitlinie mehr sein.¹²² Daten sind vielmehr der wichtigste „Grundstoff“ der digitalen
Ökonomie. Zweckbindungsgrundsatz und Datensparsamkeit sind demnach konkretisierungsbedürftig und der Abwägung mit anderen Rechten und Interessen
nicht entzogen.¹²³ Ziel soll die effektive, individuelle Datensouveränität sein. Der Dateninhaber soll hierbei vor konkreten Missbrauchsgefahren geschützt werden.
Daten wird ein wirtschaftlicher Wert zugebilligt. Sie haben insofern die Funktion einer „neuen Währung“ und können als Substitut für ein Entgelt dienen.¹²⁴ Als
Leitlinie zur Einwilligung in die Nutzung und Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten wird im Grünbuch der vom „Unternehmen kommunizierte Zweck“ in den Mit-
telpunkt gestellt. Mehr Kommerzialisierung erfordere allerdings auch mehr individuelle Kontrolle. Eine Einwilligung nach Sphären, das sogenannte Identity Management, standardisierte Einwilligungen für bestimmte Geschäftsmodelle, Ampelsysteme, Zertifizierungen, die treuhänderische Wahrnehmung von Datenrechten durch Dritte und die Selbst- oder Koregulierung, z. B. durch Verhaltenskodizes, werden als mögliche Regelungsansätze angesprochen.¹²⁵ Datenanalyseverfahren, die individuelle Preisbildung und das Profiling werden bei vorheriger Einwilligung, die auf ausreichender Information basiert, als zulässig erachtet.¹²⁶

Spatial Hypertext represents associations between chunks of information by spatial or visual attributes (such as proximity, color, shape etc.). This allows expressing information structures implicitly and in an intuitive way. However, automatic recognition of such informal, implicitly encoded structures by a machine (a so-called spatial parser) is still a challenge. One reason is, that conventional (non-adaptive) parsers are conceptually restricted by their underlying source of information (i. e., the spatial hypertext). Due to this limitation there are several types of structures that cannot be recognized properly. This inevitably limits both quality of parser output and parser performance. We claim that considering temporal aspects in addition to spatial and visual properties in spatial parser design will lead to significant increase in parsing accuracy, detection of richer structures and thus higher parser performance.

For the purpose of providing evidence, parsers for recognizing spatial, visual and temporal object relations have been implemented and tested in a series of user surveys. It turned out, that in none of the test cases pure spatial or visual parser could outperform the spatio-temporal parser. Instead, the spatiotemporal parser was able to compensate limitations of conventional parsers. Furthermore, differences in parsing accuracy were successfully tested for statistical significance. The results indicate a non-trivial effect that is recognizable by humans. We have shown that the addition of a temporal parser shifts machine detected structures significantly closer to what knowledge workers intend to express.

The capability to operate cloud-native applications can generate enormous business growth and value. But enterprise architects should be aware that cloud-native applications are vulnerable to vendor lock-in. We investigated cloud-native application design principles, public cloud service providers, and industrial cloud standards. All results indicate that most cloud service categories seem to foster vendor lock-in situations which might be especially problematic for enterprise architectures. This might sound disillusioning at first. However, we present a reference model for cloud-native applications that relies only on a small subset of well standardized IaaS services. The reference model can be used for codifying cloud technologies. It can guide technology identification, classification, adoption, research and development processes for cloud-native application and for vendor lock-in aware enterprise architecture engineering methodologies.

Technische Sicherheit erzeugt mehr Rechtssicherheit, wenn sie Haftung und Schäden vermindern oder zu vermeiden hilft. Bei Verstößen gegen Recht und Gesetz drohen erhebliche Bußgelder und ggf. ein Image- Verlust. IT-Compliance als Einhaltung von Recht und Gesetz von und durch IT ist vom technisch Machbaren und wirtschaftlich Vertretbaren abhängig. Technische Sicherheit kann dann mehr Rechtssicherheit erzeugen, wenn für Konzeption und Implementierung der technischen und organisatorischen Maßnahmen die gesetzli- chen Anforderungen berücksichtigt, Risiken eingeschätzt und diese beweisbar dokumentiert werden. Hierfür ist ein strukturierter und dauerhafter IT-Compliance Prozess erforderlich.

Background

Medical symptoms independent of body location burden individuals to varying degrees and may require care by more than one expert. Various paper and computer-based tools exist that aim to comprehensively capture data for optimal clinical management and research.

Methods

A web-based interdisciplinary symptom evaluation (WISE) was newly designed, constructed, and technically implemented. For worldwide applicability and to avoid copyright infringements, open source software tools and free validated questionnaires available in multiple languages were used. Highly secure data storage limits access strictly to those who use the tool for collecting, storing, and evaluating their data. Concept and implementation is illustrated by a WISE sample tailored for the requirements of a single center in Switzerland providing interdisciplinary care to orofacial pain and temporomandibular disorder patients.

Results

By combining a symptom- burden checklist with in-depth questionnaires serving as case-finding instruments, an algorithm was developed that assists in clarifying case complexity and need for targeted expert evaluation. This novel modular approach provides a personalized, response-tailored instrument for the time- and cost-effective collection of symptom-burden focused quantitative data. The tool includes body drawing options and instructional videos. It is applicable for biopsychosocial evaluation in a variety of clinical settings and offers direct feedback by a case report summary.

Conclusions

In clinical practice, the new instrument assists in clarifying case complexity and referral need, based on symptom burden and response –tailored case finding. It provides single-case summary reports from a biopsychosocial perspective and includes graphical symptom maps. Secure, centrally stored data collection of anonymous data is possible. The tool enables personalized medicine, facilitates interprofessional education and collaboration, and allows for multicenter patient-reported outcomes research.

Compliance, die Einhaltung von Recht und Gesetz und unternehmensinternen Normen, ist Teil der Good Corporate Governance und Bestandteil des Risikomanagements. Compliance ist damit eine rechtliche, organisatorische und Prozessherausforderung für jedes Krankenhaus. Einigkeit besteht mittlerweile darüber, dass jedes Unternehmen sich mit den Herausforderungen von Compliance beschäftigen sollte, auch wenn Rechtsgrundlagen und Umfang der erforderlichen Maßnahmen im Einzelnen noch ungeklärt sind. Compliance ist eine Aufgabe der Unternehmensleitung, die in der Umsetzung an einen entsprechend qualifizierten Compliance Officer delegiert werden kann. Die Letztverantwortung für Compliance im Krankenhaus verbleibt jedoch immer bei der Leitung selbst. Der Aufbau eines angemessenen Compliance Management Systems soll die Haftungsrisiken für das Unternehmen und seine Leitung mindern. Ob Compliance Zertifizierungen hierzu beitragen können, ist weder durch Gesetz noch die Rechtsprechung geklärt.

Spatial hypertext represents associations between chunks of information by spatial or visual attributes (such as proximity, color, shape, etc.). This supports expressing information structures implicitly and in an intuitive way. However, automatic recognition of such informal, implicitly encoded structures by a machine (a so-called spatial parser) is still a challenge. Conventional parsers are conceptually restricted by their underlying source of information. Due to this limitation there are various possible structures that cannot be recognized properly, as the machine has no means to detect them. This inevitably limits both the quality of parser output and hence parser performance. In this paper we show that considering temporal aspects in spatial parser design will lead to significant increase in parsing accuracy, detection of richer structures and thus higher parser performance. We call machines that consider such spatial and temporal information spatio-temporal parsers.

For the purpose of providing evidence, parsers for recognizing spatial, visual, and temporal object relations have been implemented and tested in a series of user surveys. One aim was to find out how "close" the machine interpretetation of structures get to human interpretation. It turned out that in none of the test cases pure spatial or visual parser could outperform the spatio-temporal parser. Instead, the spatio-temporal parser was able to compensate limitations of conventional parsers. Furthermore, we have statistically tested parsing accuracy. The results indicate a non-trivial effect that is recognizable by humans. This shows that spatio-temporal parsers produce output that is significantly closer to what knowledge workers intend to express compared to traditional spatial parsers.

The Semantic Web has matured from a vision and research area of a few AI specialists to an important technology being used in a large number of research and a few practice projects. Most building blocks of the Semantic Web stack are filled with concrete technologies and W3C standards, but there are still enough areas for research. However, even with existing technologies, the potential of semantic applications within corporations is not yet fully harnessed as the adoption of Semantic Web technologies lacks behind other technologies like NoSQL databases or Web 2.0 technologies. This paper reviews the state of the art of Semantic Web technologies, discusses important terms and developments as well as currently active research streams. It further analyses available tools and applications with a focus on corporate scenarios and open source software and concludes with the suggestion of an architecture for a corporate semantic intranet.

Docker provides a good basis to run composite applications in the cloud, especially if those are not cloud-aware, or cloud-native. However, Docker concentrates on managing containers on one host, but SaaS providers need a container management solution for multiple hosts. Therefore, a number of tools emerged that claim to solve the problem. This paper classifies the solutions, maps them to requirements from a case study and identifies gaps and integration requirements. We close some of these gaps with our own integration components and tool enhancements, resulting in the currently most complete management suite.